PAL

Ptolemaeus Arabus et Latinus

_ (the underscore) is the placeholder for exactly one character.
% (the percent sign) is the placeholder for no, one or more than one character.
%% (two percent signs) is the placeholder for no, one or more than one character, but not for blank space (so that a search ends at word boundaries).

At the beginning and at the end, these placeholders are superfluous.

the shadow turns through a full circle‘having the shadow going both ways’

English

References: Alm. Toomer: 90
Translation of:
Greek: περίσκιος [Alm. Heiberg: II.6, 114:23; II.6, 116:5; II.6, 116:9; II.6, 117:3]
Synonyms:
(the gnomons) throw shadows in all directions[Alm. Toomer: 90]
(the gnomons) throw shadows in all directions[Alm. Toomer: 90]