Work A.2.1
Ptolemy
كتاب بطليموس الأربع
Kitāb Baṭlīmūs al-arbaʿ (tr. al-Biṭrīq/ʿUmar b. al-Farrukhān)
Full title: Kutub Baṭlīmūs al-arbaʿa fī l-qaḍāʾ ʿalā dalāʾil al-nujūm. Alternative title: Kitāb al-Arbaʿa li-Baṭlamyūs.
This earliest attested Arabic version of the Tetrabiblos is a paraphrase dated Shawwāl 196/June-July 812. The preface, preserved uniquely in Uppsala, UB, O Nova 550, attributes this work to ʿUmar b. al-Farrukhān, who paraphrased (fassara-hu) the original text, and apparently also translated it into Arabic (wa-yashulu ʿindā-nā mā ḥamalnā ʿalā anfusi-nā min al-muʾna wa-tarjamati-hū wa-naqli-hu ilā l-lisān al-ʿarabī, p. 1). Ibn al-Nadīm states that the work was produced for the Christian scholar al-Biṭrīq, whom he situates during the reign of al-Manṣūr (r. 754–775; see also Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa). However, Ibn al-Qifṭī (pp. 241–242) places the compilation during the reign of al-Maʾmūn (r. 813–833). Recently Dimitrov (Tetrabiblos Syriaca, pp. 8–9) has made it plausible that al-Biṭrīq translated the work for ʿUmar b. al-Farrukhān rather than vice versa and that a later reworking may have led to the narrative presented in the preface.
Burnett (forthcoming) suggests that the paraphrase may have been derived from the same original work as the anonymous version of the Kitāb al-Arbaʿ extant in Istanbul, Üniversitesi, A 6141 (A.2.3). While Pingree believed that Ibn al-Farrukhān’s paraphrase derived from a Pahlavi source, Dimitrov (Tetrabiblos Syriaca, p. 157) demonstrated that the text is more likely based on an intermediate Arabic translation of a Syriac version which shows philological similarities to the recension preserved in Paris, BnF, syr. 346.
Content: By introducing new chapters by ‘qāla Baṭlamyūs’, Ibn al-Farrukhān’s version shares characteristics with the layout of commentary literature. It summarises or omits portions of the Tetrabiblos (such as long technical paragraphs or references to Syrus and the Almagest), and only adds brief explanations on occasion, resulting in a considerably shorter text compared to the other extant versions. Nevertheless, the paraphrase is sometimes more faithful to the structure and wording of the Greek original as edited by Hübner than the prominent Arabic translation by Ibrāhīm b. al-Ṣalt/Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (A.2.2). Books I, II and IV in al-Farrukhān’s version are divided into a larger number of chapters than the translation by Ibrāhīm ibn al-Ṣalt/Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq: Book I consists of 27 chapters on general astrological principles (Chapters I.9 On the Power of the Stars as well as I.21 On Terms According to the Chaldaeans in the version by Ibrāhīm b. al-Ṣalt/Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq are each divided into three separate chapters in the paraphrase), Book II on mundane astrology is organized in 14 chapters, and Books III and IV on individual astrology and nativities are comprised of 14 and 10 chapters respectively.
Text: [Uppsala, UB, O Nova 550]]
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Bibl.: Ibn al-Nadīm, al-Fihrist (ed. FlügelGustav Flügel, Kitâb al-Fihrist, 2 vols, Leipzig: Vogel, 1871–1872, p. 268; ed. SayyidAyman Fu’ād Sayyid, Kitāb al-Fihrist li-Abī l-Faraj Muḥammad bin Isḥāq al-Nadīm (allafa-hu sana 377 H), 4 vols, London: Al Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, 2009, vol. III, p. 215; tr. DodgeBayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadīm. A Tenth-Century Survey of Muslim Culture, 2 vols, New York / London: Columbia University Press, 1970, vol. II, p. 640); Ibn al-Qifṭī, Taʾrīkh al-ḥukamāʾ (ed. LippertJulius Lippert, Ibn al-Qifṭī’s Taʾrīḫ al-ḥukamā, Leipzig: Dieterich, 1903, pp. 97–98 and 241–242); Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa, ʿUyūn al-anbāʾ (ed. MüllerAugust Müller, ʿUyūn al-anbāʾ fī l-ṭabaqāt al-aṭibbāʾ li-ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa, 2 vols, Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Wahbiyya, 1882, vol. I, p. 205; Savage-SmithSwain:2020, no. 9.31). — Moritz Steinschneider, ‘Die arabischen Uebersetzungen aus dem Griechischen. Zweiter Abschnitt: Mathematik’, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 50 (1896), pp. 161–219 and 337–417, here pp. 207–209; SuterHeinrich Suter, Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber und ihre Werke, Leipzig: Teubner, 1900, pp. 4 and 7–8; DSBCharles C. Gillispie (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 14 vols plus 2 supplementary vols, New York: Scribner’s Sons, 1970–1990 article ‘ʿUmar ibn al-Farrukhān al-Ṭabarī’ by David Pingree; UllmannManfred Ullmann, Die Natur- und Geheimwissenschaften im Islam, Leiden: Brill, 1972, pp. 282–283; GAS VIIFuat Sezgin, Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, Vol. VII: Astrologie – Meteorologie und Verwandtes bis ca. 430 H., Leiden: Brill, 1979, pp. 42–44 and 111–113. — Ernst Honigmann, Die sieben Klimata und die πόλεις ἐπίσημοι. Eine Untersuchung zur Geschichte der Geographie und Astrologie im Altertum und Mittelalter, Heidelberg: Winter, 1929, p. 116; Douglas M. Dunlop, ‘The Translations of al-Biṭrīq and Yaḥyā (Yuḥannā) b. al-Biṭrīq’, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 3/4 (1959), pp. 140–150; Wolfgang Hübner, Ἀποτελεσματικά, Stuttgart / Leipzig: Teubner, 1998; Bojidar Dimitrov, ‘‘Fort. recte’: Witnesses to the Text of Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos in Its Near Eastern Transmission’, in David Juste, Benno van Dalen, Dag Nikolaus Hasse and Charles Burnett (eds), Ptolemy’s Science of the Stars in the Middle Ages, Turnhout: Brepols, 2020, pp. 97–113; Bojidar Dimitrov, Tetrabiblos Syriaca. A Case–Study in Graeco–Semitic Textual Transmission, PhD dissertation, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2020, pp. 6–9, 157–159, and 166–168; Burnett:202x.
Ed.: An edition of this version, together with the version by Ibrāhīm b. al-Ṣalt/Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (A.2.2), is in preparation by Taro Mimura and Charles Burnett, based on preparatory work by Keiji Yamamoto.
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