Work A.2.3
Ptolemy
كتاب الأربع
Kitāb al-Arbaʿ (tr. unknown)
This early Arabic version of the Tetrabiblos by an unidentified translator survives in two incomplete manuscripts: MS Qom, Marʿashī, 19119, dated 6 Dhū l-ḥijja 747/27 March 1347 and lacking chapters I.4–23, and MS Istanbul, Üniversitesi, A 6141, copied in the thirteenth/nineteenth century and comprising only Book I and chapters II.1–3. This version is not mentioned in biobibliographical works but was first identified as an independent translation by Keiji Yamamoto. While it is clearly unrelated to the version attributed to Ibrāhīm b. al-Ṣalt and Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (A.2.2), it appears to share a common origin with al-Farrukhān’s paraphrase (A.2.1). Burnett has also shown that the Latin translation of the Tetrabiblos made by Hugo Sanctelliensis (fl. 1145–47) (Latin A.2.2) was based on this Arabic version, and that the Latin version completed in Toledo in 1236 (Latin A.2.4) is an abbreviated literal translation of it. Burnett suggests that the Arabic version originated in the circle of Yaʿqūb Ibn Isḥāq al-Kindī. Since the translation was used by Abū Maʿshar for his Kitāb al-Madkhal al-kabīr ʿilā ʿilm aḥkām al-nujūm (‘The Book of the Great Introduction to Astrology’), it was probably made in the ninth century.
Content: This work paraphrases the entire text of the Tetrabiblos. It includes many short additions and clarifications, while certain sections from the original are omitted. It divides the material in more chapters than the other Arabic versions. In MS Istanbul, Book I is organized in 29 chapters (27 according to the table of contents in MS Qom). MS Qom divides Books II and III into 15 and 14 chapters respectively, paralleling the Latin translation of 1236 (A.2.4), while Book IV comprises 11 chapters (10 in Latin A.2.4).
Both extant manuscripts represent the same textual tradition but exhibit significant variants, including countless omissions, differences in particles, and changes in word order. While MS Istanbul contains a preface but no tables, MS Qom has no preface and presents some of the material of Book I in tabular form. Towards the end of Book I, the arrangement of the chapters differs between the two manuscripts; some of the differences appear to result from displaced material and headings in MS Qom, possibly going back to a corrupted exemplar.
Text: [MSS Istanbul, Üniversitesi, A 6141 (preface and Book I) and Qom, Marʿashī, 19119 (Books I–IV).]
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Bibl.: Keiji Yamamoto, ‘Arī ibun Ridowān no 『Tetorabiburosu chūkai』 ni tsuite (ʿAlī ibn Riḍwān’s Commentary on Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos)’, Bulletin of the Institute for Comprehensive Research of Kyoto Sangyo University 10 (2015), pp. 49–57; Bojidar Dimitrov, Tetrabiblos Syriaca. A Case–Study in Graeco–Semitic Textual Transmission, PhD dissertation, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2020, pp. 6–9, 157–159, and 166–168; Charles Burnett, ‘Ptolemy’s Differentiation between Astronomy and Astrology in the Greek-Arabic-Latin Tradition’, Cahiers de Recherches Médiévales et Humanistes 47 (2024) [special issue Les relations entre astronomie et astrologie au Moyen Age et à la Renaissance], pp. 373–403.
Ed.: A preliminary critical edition was prepared by Keiji Yamamoto in parallel to his editions of the other two Arabic translations (A.2.1 and A.2.2) but remains unpublished.
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