Work C.1.5
Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī
شرح المجسطي
Sharḥ al-Majisṭī
An extensive commentary on the Almagest, long thought lost, by the famous philosopher Abū Naṣr Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-Fārābī (d. 339/950-1). It is mentioned by the eleventh-century scholar al-Nasawī and by the biobibliographers Ibn al-Qifṭī, Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa, and al-Ṣafadī. In the mid-twelfth century Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ had a copy available on the basis of which he wrote a critique of al-Fārābī’s commentary on Almagest V.19 (C.1.15). From the two recently identified manuscripts of Books IX–XIII it can be seen that al-Fārābī made use of the Isḥāq-Thābit version of the Almagest (A.1.2). The main divisions of the text are indicated in the form (Sharḥ) al-maqāla al-ʿāshira etc., while the chapters are unnumbered but have titles that are often close to those of the Isḥāq-Thābit version. Judging from the extant parts, al-Fārābī rendered the contents of the Almagest in its entirety, but his focus lay on the geometrical proofs and much less on observations and computations. His commentary contains neither tables nor figures.
Note 1 The parts of al-Fārābī’s commentary surviving in the two Majlis manuscripts do not contain any explicit indication of the author. The title page of MS Tehran, Majlis, 6531, which is much later than the text, attributes the work to al-Fārābī, whereas the library slip glued into MS Tehran, Majlis, 6430 assigns it to al-Nayrīzī. In a series of articles, Johannes Thomann first showed that, based on general characteristics, the Majlis manuscripts were not likely to contain any of around forty other Arabic Almagest commentaries known from bibliographical and other sources, while their contents conforms to the type of commentary one would expect from al-Fārābī (‘Ein al-Fārābī zugeschriebener Kommentar’). Thomann then investigated three quotations from Book V of al-Fārābī’s Almagest commentary given by Ibn al-Ṣalāh in his critique of that work (C.1.15) and found that they have one highly idiosyncratic technical term in common with the text in the Majlis manuscripts (‘Al-Fārābīs Kommentar’). Finally, he showed that, more generally, the vocabulary used in the Majlis manuscripts agrees with other works by al-Fārābī and, in particular, is clearly different from Ibn Sīnā’s (‘Terminological Fingerprints’). Thus he concluded that al-Fārābī is indeed the author of the commentary in the Majlis manuscripts.
Note 2 The text partially translated into Russian in Audanbek K. Kubesov and Dzh. al’-Dabbakh, Al’-Farabi. Kommentarii k „Al’magestu“ Ptolemeya. Chast pervaya [Knigi I-V], Alma Ata: Nauka Kazakhskoi SSR, 1975 is not in fact al-Fārābī’s commentary on the Almagest but Ibn Sīnā’s Talkhīṣ al-Majisṭī (C.1.8). The translation, and much of the general information presented in the introduction to the book, was based on MS London, BL, Or. 7368 of Ibn Sīnā’s summary, which mistakenly mentions al-Fārābī as the author on its title page. See Bernard R. Goldstein, review of GAS VIFuat Sezgin, Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, Vol. VI: Astronomie bis ca. 430 H., Leiden: Brill, 1978, Isis 71 (1980), pp. 341–342, and Damien Janos, Method, Structure and Development in al-Fārābī’s Cosmology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, 2012, pp. 23–25.
Text: [Tehran, Majlis, 6430]
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Bibl.: Al-Nasawī, Ishbāʿ fī sharḥ al-shakl al-qaṭṭāʿ (C.1.12), MS Istanbul, Topkapı, Ahmet III 3464 f. 199v:8 (German tr. by Eilhard Wiedemann in Oskar Schirmer, ‘Studien zur Astronomie der Araber’, Sitzungsberichte der Physikalisch-Medizinischen Sozietät zu Erlangen 58 (1926), pp. 33–88, here pp. 81–82; English tr. in Richard P. Lorch, Thābit ibn Qurra. On the Sector-Figure and Related Texts, Frankfurt am Main: Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften, 2001, p. 348); Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ, Qawl fī Bayān (C.1.15), MS Mashhad, Āstān-i Quds, 5593, pp. 81–92; Ibn al-Qifṭī, Taʾrīkh al-ḥukamāʾ (ed. LippertJulius Lippert, Ibn al-Qifṭī’s Taʾrīḫ al-ḥukamā, Leipzig: Dieterich, 1903, p. 279:17–18); Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa, ʿUyūn al-anbāʾ (ed. MüllerAugust Müller, ʿUyūn al-anbāʾ fī l-ṭabaqāt al-aṭibbāʾ li-ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿa, 2 vols, Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-Wahbiyya, 1882, vol. II, p. 138:14; ed./tr. Savage-Smith et al.Emilie Savage-Smith, Simon Swain and Geert Jan van Gelder, A Literary History of Medicine - The ʿUyūn al-anbāʾ fī ṭabaqāt al-aṭibbāʾ of Ibn Abī Uṣaybiʿah, 5 vols, Leiden: Brill, 2020, §15.1.5, no. 1); al-Ṣafadī, al-Wāfī bi-l-wafayāt (ed. RitterHellmut Ritter, Das biographische Lexikon des Ṣalāh-ad-Dīn Ḫalīl Ibn Aibak aṣ-Ṣafadī, 30 vols, Istanbul: Staatsdruckerei / Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1931–1981, vol. I, p. 108). — Moritz Steinschneider, Al-Farabi (Alpharabius), des arabischen Philosophen Leben und Schriften, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Geschichte der griechischen Wissenschaft unter den Arabern, St. Petersburg: Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1869, p. 78 (no. 14); GAS VIFuat Sezgin, Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, Vol. VI: Astronomie bis ca. 430 H., Leiden: Brill, 1978, p. 195; EIrEhsan Yarshater (ed.), Encyclopaedia Iranica, 16 vols to date, London: Routledge / Kegan Paul, 1982– article ‘Fārābī’ by Dimitri Gutas et al.; MAOSICBoris A. Rosenfeld and Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, Mathematicians, Astronomers, and other Scholars of Islamic Civilization and their Works (7th–19th c.), Istanbul: Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture (IRCICA), 2003, pp. 75–78 (no. 180, A1); BEAThomas Hockey (ed.), The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 2 vols, Dordrecht: Springer, 2007 article ‘Fārābī’ by Alnoor Dhanani; Johannes Thomann, ‘Ein al-Fārābī zugeschriebener Kommentar zum Almagest (Hs. Tehran Mağlis 6531)’, Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften 19 (2010–2011), pp. 35–76; Ulrich Rudolph (ed.), Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie. Philosophie in der islamischen Welt. Band 1. 8.-10. Jahrhundert, Basel: Schwabe, 2012, ch. 8, esp. pp. 390–391 (supplemented English tr. Ulrich Rudolph, Rotraud Hansberger and Peter Adamson (eds), Philosophy in the Islamic World, vol. I: 8th-10th Centuries, Leiden / Boston: Brill, 2017, ch. 8, esp. pp. 566–567); Johannes Thomann, ‘From Lyrics by al-Fazārī to Lectures by al-Fārābī: Teaching Astronomy in Baghdād (750–1000 C.E.)’, in Jens Scheiner and Damien Janos (eds), The Place to Go: Contexts of Learning in Baghdād, 750–1000 C.E., Princeton: The Darwin Press, 2014, ch. 13, pp. 503–525, here pp. 519–521; EI³Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas and Everett Rowson, Encyclopaedia of Islam Three, 51 fascicules up to 2019, Leiden: Brill, 2007– article ‘al-Fārābī’ by Damien Janos; Johannes Thomann, ‘Al-Fārābīs Kommentar zum Almagest in sekundärer Überlieferung bei Ibn aṣ-Ṣalāḥ: Ein vorläufiger Bericht’, Asiatische Studien 69 (2015), pp. 99–113; Johannes Thomann, ‘Terminological Fingerprints in a Commentary on the Almagest Attributed to al-Fārābī’, in Maurus Reinkowski and Monika Winet (eds), Arabic and Islamic Studies in Europe and Beyond. Proceedings of the 26th Congress of the Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants, Basel 2012, Leuven: Peeters, 2016, pp. 301–312; Johannes Thomann, ‘The Second Revival of Astronomy in the Tenth Century and the Establishment of Astronomy as an Element of Encyclopedic Education’, Asiatische Studien 71 (2017), pp. 907–957, here pp. 919–920; Johannes Thomann, ‘The Oldest Translation of the Almagest Made for al-Maʾmūn by al-Ḥasan ibn Quraysh: A Text Fragment in Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ’s Critique on al-Fārābī’s Commentary’, in David Juste, Benno van Dalen, Dag Nikolaus Hasse and Charles Burnett (eds), Ptolemy’s Science of the Stars in the Middle Ages, Turnhout: Brepols, 2020, pp. 117–138, here pp. 120–122.
Ed.: None.
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