Work B.1.1
Pseudo-Ptolemy
كتاب الثمرة
Kitāb al-Thamara
A collection of one hundred astrological aphorisms dealing with various branches of astrology such as nativities, elections, mundane astrology, iatromathematics and related philosophical issues. The text circulated also as part of the commentaries by Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad b. Yūsuf (C.3.0930) and Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (C.3.1250, C.3.1327). Alternative titles: al-Thamara fī aḥkām al-nujūm; Kitāb al-Thamara al-musammā bi-l-rūmiyya ā-n-ṭ-r-w-m-ṭ-ā wa-maʿnā-hu l-miʾat al-kalima (corruption of ἑκατὸν ῥήματα).
Origin: All extant versions of the text may ultimately derive from the Arabic version, but it is unclear whether this was based in turn on a lost source text in a different language. Sezgin (pp. 42, 45) claimed that a passage in al-Bīrūnī’s Maqāla fī Sayr sahmay al-saʿāda wa-l-ghayb attests to the existence of three different translations of the Thamara from the Greek, but the text discussed by al-Bīrūnī is in fact the Tetrabiblos (cf. Haddad et al.). Lemay, ‘Origin and Success’ argued that the treatise was forged by Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad b. Yūsuf around 922 (see C.3.0930). This view has been repeatedly challenged, most notably by Martorello & Bezza, pp. 12–18, their main counter-arguments being: 1) the existence of a presumed Thamara fragment predating Abū Jaʿfar in al-Ṣaymarī’s (828–888) Kitāb Aṣl al-uṣūl fī khawāṣṣ al-nujūm (Berlin, SBPK, Landberg 221, f. 43v:9); 2) Ḥājjī Khalīfa’s mention of a lost Thamara commentary by Ibn al-Ṭayyib al-Jāthalīqī l-Sarakhsī, who, if identified with al-Kindī’s disciple Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ṭayyib al-Sarakhsī (d. 899), would predate Abū Jaʿfar; and 3) a number of references, by Abū Jaʿfar himself, to earlier Thamara interpreters, who are never mentioned by name. However, only this last argument is valid. The fragment in the Berlin manuscript of the Aṣl al-uṣūl does not match any verbum of Pseudo-Ptolemy’s Thamara and is said to be taken from a Kitāb al-Thamara al-turābī (sic), a title that ultimately goes back to a garbled prosoponym (cf., e.g., Paris, BnF, ar. 6808, f. 111v:8: kitāb z-y-m-sh (?) al-yūnānī). As for Ḥājjī Khalīfa, his reference to Ibn al-Ṭayyib is peculiar in that the nisba al-Jāthalīqī is otherwise unattested for him; as recognised by Steinschneider, Ḥājjī Khalīfa must have conflated Ibn al-Ṭayyib al-Sarakhsī and the later Abū l-Faraj ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ṭayyib (d. 1043), the secretary of the Catholicos (kātib al-Jāthalīq), who may be the actual author of the lost Thamara commentary.
Content: Of the witnesses available to us, only Escorial, RBMSL, ár. 1829 preserves a version of the Thamara with 100 verba. Cairo, Dār al-kutub, riyāḍiyyāt Taymūr 141 and Tunis, Dār al-kutub al-waṭaniyya, 11933 contain the version with 100 verba sorted by subject by Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad b. Yūsuf b. al-Kammād (on which see C.3.0930). The remaining witnesses split verbum 1 into three parts and designate the second and third part as new verba, thus shifting the numbering by 2 for a total of 102 verba (Uppsala, UB, O Nova 550 (Zetterstéen 203) has 100 verba but the second part of verbum 1 is missing, suggesting that the manuscript likewise derives from a version in which verbum 1 was split). This peculiar version with 102 verba originated in a manuscript of Abū Jaʿfar b. al-Dāya’s Tafsīr Kitāb al-Thamara (C.3.0930) and was used as the base text in Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s Tafsīr Kitāb al-Thamara (Arabic–Persian version) (C.3.1250). Hence, it is likely that all witnesses of the base text with 102 verba were ultimately extracted from witnesses of the commentaries.
Text: [Tehran, Malik Library, 5924]
[
Bibl.: Ibn al-Nadīm, Fihrist (ed. FlügelGustav Flügel, Kitâb al-Fihrist, 2 vols, Leipzig: Vogel, 1871–1872, vol. I, p. 268, lines 11–12; tr. DodgeBayard Dodge, The Fihrist of al-Nadīm. A Tenth-Century Survey of Muslim Culture, 2 vols, New York / London: Columbia University Press, 1970, vol. I, p. 640, lines 19–20); Hājjī Khalīfa, Kashf al-ẓunūn (ed. YaltkayaŞerefettin Yaltkaya and Kilisli Rifat Bilge, Kashf al-ẓunūn ʿan asāmī l-kutub wa-l-funūn li-... Ḥajji Khalīfa ..., 2 vols, Istanbul: Maarif Matbaası, 1941–1943, vol. I, col. 524). — Moritz Steinschneider, ‘Die arabischen Uebersetzungen aus dem Griechischen. Zweiter Abschnitt: Mathematik’, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 50 (1896), pp. 161–219 and 337–417, here p. 213; Manfred Ullmann, Die Natur- und Geheimwissenschaften im Islam, Leiden: Brill, 1972, pp. 327–328; GAS VIIFuat Sezgin, Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums. Vol. VII: Astrologie – Meteorologie und Verwandtes bis ca. 430 H., Leiden: Brill, 1979, pp. 42 and 44–46. — François Nau, ‘Un fragment syriaque de l’ouvrage astrologique de Claude Ptolémée intitulé le Livre du Fruit’, Revue de l’Orient Chrétien 28 (1931–1932), pp. 197–202; Emilie Boer, ‘Καρπός. Pseudo-Ptolemaei Fructus sive Centiloquium’, in Claudii Ptolemaei. Οpera quae exstant omnia, Leipzig, 1952, vol. III.2, pp. xvii–xxxiv, 37–69; Richard Lemay, ‘Origin and Success of the Kitāb Thamara of Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf ibn Ibrāhīm from the Tenth to the Seventeenth Century in the World of Islam and the Latin West’, in Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Ghada Karmi and Nizar Namnum (eds), Proceedings of the First International Symposium for the History of Arabic Science (Aleppo, April 5-12, 1976), Aleppo: Institute for the History of Arabic Science, 1978, vol. II, pp. 91–107; Fuad I. Haddad, David Pingree and Edward S. Kennedy, ‘Al-Bīrūnī’s Treatise on Astrological Lots’, Zeitschrift für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften 1 (1984), pp. 9–54, here pp. 30–33 and 48; Richard Lemay, Le Kitāb aṯ-Ṯamara (Liber fructus, Centiloquium) d’Abū Jaʿfar Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf [Ps.-Ptolémée], 1999 [unpublished]; Jalīl Akhawān Zanjānī, Šarḥ-e Samare-ye Baṭlamyus. Xwāje Naṣir al-Din Ṭusi (597-672 L.H.), Tehran: Āyene-ye Mirās, 1999; Franco Martorello and Giuseppe Bezza, Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf ibn al-Dāya. Commento al Centiloquio Tolemaico, Milano / Udine: Mimesis, 2013.
Ed.: Full edition in Lemay, Le Kitāb (unpublished), as part of the edition of Abū Jaʿfar’s Tafsīr Kitāb al-Thamara (C.3.0930). Full edition (from eight manuscripts) with Italian translation by Franco Martorello in Martorello & Bezza, as part of the edition of Abū Jaʿfar’s commentary. Full edition from Leiden, UB, Or. 96 (with selected readings from other manuscripts) in Zanjānī, as part of the edition of Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī's Tafsīr Kitāb al-Thamara (Arabic–Persian version) (C.3.1250). The base text of the Thamara is also printed in an appendix by Zanjānī, with additional readings from Tehran, Malik Library, 5924.
MSS |
---|